Reinterpreting Predynastic Egyptian Rulers: King Scorpion I As Huangdi And Narmer As Yu The Great (Nile–Yellow River Parallels)

Abstract

Guangbao Liu*

This article presents a synthesis of evidence proposing that King Scorpion I of Ancient Egypt's Dynasty 0 (circa 3300- 3200 BCE) corresponds to the Yellow Emper or (Huangdi) recorded in Chinese historical tradition. It argues that the foundational narratives of the Chinese Five Emperors period may have originated in the Nile Valley. King Scorpion I, who is credited with the initial unification of Upper and Lower Egypt and whose tomb is located at Abydos, is identified here as the Yellow Emperor. Furthermore, the article contends that Narmer, the founder of Egypt's First Dynasty, represents the historical figure known as Yu the Great, the legendary founder of China's Xia Dynasty. Additionally, it challenges the conventional Egyptological distinction between "King Scorpion I" and "King Scorpion II," suggesting this dichotomy results from modern misinterpretation. All scorpion symbols from the Predynastic Period are accordingly interpreted as references to a single monarch: King Scorpion I, identified herein as the Yellow Emperor. Supporting this identification, the renowned Scorpion Macehead is reinterpreted as a ceremonial object belonging to the Yellow Emperor, with its hieroglyphic inscription proposed to be read as "Emperor Huang."

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