Nephroprotective Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Vachellia origena (Hunde) Kyal. & Boatwr. (Fabaceae) on Paracetamol-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Guinea Pigs

Abstract

Mohammed S. Mansour Saif, Warda Mohamed Abdu Kaidama*, Abdulrahman A. Alahdal, Ahmed A.A. Al-Nawah, Ali M.A. Alshaweri, Ameen N.A. Al-Hasani, Ayman A.M. Al-Muntasir, Basem A.A. Al-Badwi, Hesham A.S. Shams Aldeen, Mohammed A.M. Mahdi, Osama E.A. Al-Duais and Taher E.S. Al faqeeh and Yasser A.A. Al-Hajj

Vachellia origena is a medicinal plant found in J. Saber, Alturba, Ibb, Dhamar, Sanaa, Haraz, Shibam and Yafea. They are utilized therapeutically to address many conditions, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant applications. This study aimed to investigate the preventive potential of V. origena against paracetamol-induced kidney injury in male guinea pigs. Thirty-five male guinea pigs (350–650 g) were randomly assigned to seven groups, each including five guinea pigs. Group I served as the control group. Group II was administered PCM (500 mg/kg) exclusively, Group III received of PCM and proximol (0.8 mg/kg), Group IV was given V. origena extract at a dosage of 100 mg/kg alone, and Group V received V. origena extract at a dosage of 200 mg/kg alone. In group VI, we received PCM (500 mg/kg) and 100 mg/kg of V. origena extract. Simultaneously, group VII received PCM (500 mg/kg) and 200 mg/kg of V. origena extract. The treatment duration was ten days, following which sera were collected and analyzed for serum renal indices using conventional procedures. The results indicated that the PCM-only group exhibited elevated serum urea and creatinine levels, alongside reduced total protein and albumin levels. Additionally, it induced several histological alterations. Treatment with ethanolic leaf extract of V. origena (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) mitigated renal intoxication generated by PCM and reduced the extent of histological lesions in guinea pigs. Our investigation indicates that the ethanolic extract of V. origena leaves has protective properties against PCM-induced renal damage.

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