Internet of Things Architectures, Protocols, And Standard Bodies: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Matendo Didas

With the development of wireless sensor networks, ubiquitous computing, and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, the idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) has grown steadily. Through the use of uniquely identifiable identifiers, the Internet of Things (IoT) links disparate physical things and permits communication between them. IoT has made it possible for digital systems and physical items to link seamlessly, revolutionizing modern computing. Nonetheless, knowledge about IoT designs, protocols, and standards is still sparse and disorganized. The available IoT architectures, communication protocols, and standardization initiatives are all thoroughly reviewed in this article. An overview of the Internet of Things is provided in this document along with information on its architecture, protocols, and associated standard organizations. In addition to analyzing important protocols like MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, and LoRaWAN, we look at layered architectural models, including three-tier and five-tier frameworks. We also talk about standardization efforts by groups like the IoT Alliance, IEEE, and IETF. Our study suggests future research areas while highlighting contemporary issues like scalability, security, and interoperability. Researchers and practitioners working on the design and implementation of IoT systems might use this paper as a reference.

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