Healthcare Choice Preferences among University Students: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Orthodox and Traditional Medicine Utilization at Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State

Abstract

Acheneje, D. O, Momoh, T. B. and Onyia, K.

Background: The coexistence of orthodox and traditional medicine systems in Nigeria presents complex healthcare decision-making scenarios, particularly among educated populations. Understanding these preferences is crucial for healthcare policy development and implementation.

Objective: This study examined the utilization patterns, preference factors, and demographic influences on healthcare choices between orthodox and traditional medicine among students and staff at Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys (n=456) with qualitative focus group discussions (n=8 groups). A novel Healthcare Choice Decision Tree (HCDT) framework was developed to analyze decision-making pathways. Data collection occurred between March and August 2024 using stratified random sampling. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, logistic regression, and thematic analysis for qualitative data.

Results: Orthodox medicine was preferred by 67.3% of participants for acute conditions, while traditional medicine was favored by 52.1% for chronic ailments. Cost emerged as the primary factor (p<0.001), with traditional medicine being 68% more affordable. Educational level significantly influenced choice (p=0.003), with postgraduate students showing higher orthodox medicine preference (78.4%). The HCDT framework revealed six distinct decision-making pathways, with emergency severity being the primary determinant.

Conclusions: Healthcare choices in academic environments are multifactorial, with pragmatic considerations often outweighing theoretical preferences. The findings suggest a need for integrated healthcare approaches that recognize the complementary roles of both systems.

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