A Physical Theory based on the Barycenter Frame of Reference III: Principles of Particle Statistics

Abstract

Zhong Cheng Liang*

In the barycenter frame of reference, the motion of a real (elastic) particle consists of three modes: translational, rotational, and vibrational. The three modes of energy of a thermodynamic system form a vector space, and the macroscopic state of the system is expressed by a vector in the energy space. The equilibrium state principle proposed in this article generalizes the classical laws of thermodynamics, thus bringing statistical physics into a unified axiomatic framework. The relationship between the order degree and the interaction is found by describing the microscopic states of the system through a vector of particle distribution. A complete set of the thermodynamic functions, the state equations, and the differential equations is derived with the help of particle statistics at two structural levels. The connection between the entropy and the association degree is established by defining the thermal entropy with the state function of thermal energy. The physical mechanism and properties of the phase transition are elucidated based on the structural analysis of the energy space. The results show that the real-particle statistical theory based on the barycenter reference frame reveals the universal laws of thermodynamic systems.

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