Zhenghua Li
Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
Publications
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Research Article
Quantitative Evaluation of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Smartwatch Telemetry
Author(s): Zhenghua Li and Kenichi Yamamura*
Background: Freezing of Gait (FOG) and daily motor fluctuations severely impair independence in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Continuous monitoring via consumer smartwatches offers a non-invasive way to measure real-world Digital Mobility Outcomes (DMOs). However, FOG-induced standstill and environmental variations cause measurement biases that are poorly characterized. Objective: To quantitatively evaluate Freezing of Gait (FOG) episodes in Parkinson’s disease using smartwatch telemetry, establish a simple and clinically intuitive Range Ratio metric (Mean ± Range Ratio %) to capture true day-to-day symptom variability without relying on standard deviation, assess FOG-induced GPS trajectory distance distortion, and investigate the potential moderating effects of ambient biometeorological factors (temperature and relative humid.. Read More»