The Role of Cd28 Costimulatory Receptors in Signalling Pathways

Abstract

Gnaneshwer Jadav, Mallikarjuna Reddy Doodipala

Naive T cells require extracellular stimulus signals through the T-cell receptor cascade (TCR). This TCR then recognized the antigens present on the molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) using the CD4 and CD8 receptor. Upon recognition, TCR- induced signal transduction propagates signals through different molecules and induced secondary signalling. Consequently, intracellular signaling cascades determine the characteristics of immune responses mediated by T- cells. Consequently, rigorous regulation of T-cell activation is crucial for T-cell homeostasis and appropriate immune responses. Dysregulation of TCR signalling can result in energy or autoimmunity. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge on the signalling pathways that govern how the TCR complex transmits signals into cells and the roles of effector molecules that are involved in these pathways.

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