The Last Installment of Mass, Energy and Space-Time: On the Harmony of Light and the Universe through the Planck Scale

Abstract

Chana Pongpothakul, Nawapol Bourin and Pairoj Vajchamanant

This paper expands our previous work on the rotating photon framework-which structures the photon as a localized entity executing a transverse rotational trajectory within a physical space-time medium-into a unified, scale-invariant quantum cosmology. By rejecting the classical vacuum in favor of a dynamic constraint framework, we previously demonstrated that Planck’s constant arises naturally from a fundamental photon rest mass metric (m^∗0 ≈ 1.17 × 10⁻⁵¹ kg) stabilized at a baseline frequency of ω₀ = 1 rad/s. Here, we explore the deep macro-cosmological implications of this micro-quantum mechanism by extending its boundary conditions to the infrared (IR) cutoff defined by the causal light-travel horizon of the observable universe (T_universe).

Our formulation reveals that the total accumulated mass-energy density of the cosmos continuously evolves in perfect alignment with its gravitational boundary, yielding a calculated cosmic mass (M_^Cosmo = c3/G T_^universe ≈ 1.756×10⁵³ kg) that accounts for approximately 5.8% of the critical density (ρ_critical)-matching the empirical baryonic matter density (Ωb) with extraordinary precision. Furthermore, we uncover a profound holographic duality wherein the product of the cosmic macro-horizon and the subnuclear quantum extremities collapses symmetrically into the invariant Planck scale (â??²_P and m²_P ). This scale-invariant equilibrium is mediated by a dynamic coupling factor K, which frames the distribution of cosmic energy as a harmonic ratio bounded by the ultraviolet Planck frequency and the expanding cosmological IR frequency. Ultimately, these concurrent invariants conclusively establish the Planck scale as the perfect geometric mean and dynamic balance point unifying the infinitesimal quantum world of particle physics with the macroscopic canvas of physical cosmology.

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