Relativistic Thermodynamics Applied to Cosmic Matter near Big-Bang Times

Abstract

Hans J. Fahr* and M. Heyl

In this paper, we study the situation of cosmic matter near the suspected matter singularity, i.e. at the beginning of the Hubble expansion of the universe. It turns out that this universe, if it starts from a matter singularity, must have started from cosmic gas phases of very high densities and extremely hot temperatures. To correctly describe the dynamics of these early cosmic gas phases, it is necessary to use a so-called relativistic thermodynamics, which can handle temperatures of the order of kT ∝ m0 c2 , when further energy input does only marginally increase particle velocities, but mainly increases particle masses.

These “kinetic masses” increase not only the mass of the universe but also the cosmic gravitational field and need to be taken into account, when deriving the finally resulting, consistent cosmic scale dynamics. This consistency is what we aim at in this article developing a relativistic thermodynamics that takes into account kinetic parts of cosmic masses to describe the actually resulting cosmic gravitational field and the ongoing cosmic scale dynamics. As we can show the ”Big-Bang” explosion of a matter-involving singularity is very unlikely, and if at all, is only possible under very restricting boundary conditions and with an openness for new physical ingredients like vacuum energy.

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