Poliscience: A Randomized Experimental Study on the Effects of a Standardized Narcotics Identification Card for ADHD Patients in Ambiguous Police Control Situations in Germany
Abstract
Emily Klose
Background: ADHD in adulthood affects approximately 2.5% of the population. Treatment in accordance with guidelines often involves stimulants that are subject to narcotics regulations. In ambiguous police control situations, carrying these medications can lead to suspicion, seizure, and investigation, despite legal prescription. This study examined whether a standardized narcotics identification card (ADHS-Ausweis®) reduces suspicion and intervention tendencies among German police officers.
Method: 74 active police officers participated in a two-armed, randomized online vignette study (ID+ vs. ID-). Standardized control scenarios were evaluated; 11 perceptions and intentions to act (POL-11) were recorded. Analysis was performed using MANOVA and univariate follow-up tests.
Results: Compared to the control condition, the identification card led to fewer negative intentions toward patients, including suspicion of drug trafficking/abuse, further control measures, contact with physicians, and securing medication. At the same time, credibility and health- related attributions increased. The effects were evident across various behavioral scenarios and remained detectable even in the case of risky behavior (e.g., refusal to answer questions, unfriendliness, pupil dilation/trembling).
Conclusion: The examined narcotics identification card shows a de-escalating effect in police control situations by reducing suspicion and strengthening patient-related attributions. Replication studies should examine its generalizability in other regions and legal contexts.