New Understanding of Atomic Structure

Abstract

Chun Wang*

This paper is based on the Rutherford-Bohr shell atomic model and combines famous atomic experiments in history to propose a new understanding of atomic structure. The positive electric field of the nucleus and the negative electric field of the electron are marked on the atomic structure. The repelling events between electrons in the same shell led to the formation of polyhedral symmetries in atomic sub-orbits (p, d, f). Electron spin and the configurations of paired and unpaired electrons are introduced in the model. Pauli’s four quantum numbers (n, l, m, s) correspond to the new atomic model: n-main shells, l-sub-orbits by repelling events, m-different orientations of the same sub-orbits detected by Zeeman effect, s-paired and unpaired electrons.

The new atomic model can provide new understanding of chemical single bond, double bond, triple bond, lone pair of electrons, and metallic bond, thereby distinguishing the electrical and thermal conductivities of materials at the atomic level. The work also extends to discovering the nature of superconductivity and the root cause of the Hall effect. By introducing atomic structure into the Stern-Gerlach experiment, the space-quantization of atomic spins was reinterpreted.

By studying the secondary characteristic radiation energy of elements in detail, the author confirmed that Bohr's principal shell atomic model is correct and proposed an improved Siegbahn notation for elemental analysis with X-rays and electron beams.

Electrons must revolve in atoms, at a high speed of 106 m/s (three times around the Earth in one minute), while the speed of the electric current of copper is 1 m/s.

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