Gold Panning and Youth: Socio-Economic Dynamics, Governance Challenges and Prospects for Sustainable Development in the Communes of Maevatanana I, Maevatanana II, Antanimbary and the Gold Mining Site of Antsiafabositra (Betsiboka Region, Madagascar)

Abstract

Georges Solofoson and Randriamandimby Solohery Justin Rene

Artisanal gold mining is one of the main economic activities in the Betsiboka Region of Madagascar, particularly in the municipalities of Maevatanana I, Maevatanana II, Antanimbary and the Antsiafabositra mining site. Owing to its significant gold potential, the region attracts a growing number of young people from different parts of the country seeking better economic opportunities in a context characterized by unemployment, low agricultural income and limited access to stable employment. This study examines the factors driving youth participation in artisanal gold mining and analyzes its economic, social, health, environmental and institutional implications for the affected territories.

The research adopts a qualitative approach based on documentary analysis of scientific publications, institutional reports, legal and regulatory texts, and available information concerning Madagascar's artisanal mining sector. The findings indicate that artisanal gold mining plays a dual role. On the one hand, it provides an immediate source of income for many households, stimulates local trade, transport- related supports activities and contributors to local economic dynamics. On the other hand, it generates significant challenges, including school dropout, internal migration, occupational hazards, growing insecurity, environmental degradation, informal gold trade and persistent governance weaknesses in the management of artisanal mining activities.

The study argues that achieving sustainable management of gold resources requires an integrated strategy combining the formalization of artisanal mining, stronger public governance, environmental protection, improved occupational safety and the promotion of diversity livelihood opportunities for young people. Such an approach would enable artisanal gold mining to contribute more effectively to sustainable territorial development in the Betsiboka Region.

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