Advancements in Journal of Urology and Nephrology(AJUN)
ISSN: 2689-8616 | DOI: 10.33140/AJUN
Impact Factor: 1.0
Distribution of Cancer of the Kidney and Cancer of the Penis in Jamaica 2008
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the distribution of cancer of the kidney and cancer of the penis in Jamaica in 2008.
Methods: This study encapsulated all fourteen parishes. Data was obtained from the Jamaica Cancer Registry located in the Pathology Department of the University Hospital of the West Indies. Population denominators were obtained from the 2011 census taken by the Statistical Institute of Jamaica. The statistical packages which were used to analyze the data were SPSS and Microsoft excel.
Results: The mean age at which cancer of the kidney was diagnosed in Jamaica 2008 was (47.04 ± 4.54) years. None of the individuals diagnosed in 2008 were smokers. The crude incidence rate (CIR) is an estimate of the probability that a person will develop cancer. In Jamaica in 2008 the CIR for males was 1.1 and for females it was 0.7 hence (male/ female ratio, 1.57). The age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of cancer of the kidney in Jamaica 2008 was0.9 (95% CI, 0.53 – 1.27). In Jamaica 2008 the ASIR for cancer of the kidney in males was 1.3 (95% CI, 0.67 – 1.93) and that for females was 0.8 (95% CI, 0.31 – 1.29). The distribution of cancer of the kidney across all parishes in Jamaica 2008 was investigated using the CIR. The highest probability of developing cancer of the kidney was Kingston and St. Andrew (2.0), then St. Catherine (1.2), St. Thomas (1.1), Manchester (1.1), St. Mary (0.9), St. Elizabeth (0.7) and St.Ann (0.6).
The mean age at which penile cancer was diagnosed was (55.92 ± 4.69) years in Jamaica 2008. In 2008 the CIR of penile cancer in Jamaica was 0.9 and the ASIR was 1.5 (95% CI, 0.95 – 2.05). The highest probability of developing cancer of the penis was in Kingston and St. Andrew (2.2), then St. Catherine (1.2), Manchester (1.0) and Clarendon (0.8).
Conclusion: In mitigating cancer of the kidney and cancer of the penis the public should be educated regarding the potential risk factors. In the case of cancer of the kidney these include advancing age, male gender etc. and in the case of cancer of the penis these include human papillomavirus infection, large number of sexual partners etc. Circumcision in childhood or adolescent should be promoted as it can drastically reduce the risk of penile cancer. Screening of these cancers should be facilitated by the various health administrators and different regions (parishes) targeted as this will reduce the financial burden associated with these cancers.