Chronic Asthma: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants

Abstract

Oluwaseyifunmi Ogunnowo

Chronic asthma is a persistent respiratory condition characterized by inflammation, hyperresponsiveness of the airways, and mucus overproduction. This narrative review explores the multifactorial etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic considerations, and management strategies of chronic asthma. Environmental exposures, genetic predispositions, and lifestyle factors are discussed as key contributors to disease onset and progression. The review also highlights recent findings on diagnosis and control, particularly in relation to severe and uncontrolled asthma phenotypes. Emphasis is placed on a comprehensive understanding of risk factors, including tobacco use and air pollution, and their implications for treatment.

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