Assessment of Indigenous Fodder Tree and Shrub Species in Borana Rangelands, Southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Siraj Kelil Gobelle and Sisay Taye Gifawesen

Native woody species are vital for livestock feeding in Borana's lowlands, especially during dry spells when herbaceous forage is scarce. This study analyzed the diversity, utilization, and regeneration of key fodder trees and shrubs, highlighting their socio-ecological significance to local communities. Data collection involved household surveys and vegetation assessments across five indigenous grazing landscapes. The findings highlight that nearly all respondents (99.9%) recognize indigenous fodder trees and shrubs as vital feed resources, alongside their roles in providing fuelwood and meeting other livelihood needs. A total of 88 species from 32 families were identified, with Fabaceae as the most prevalent. These species are crucial during drought periods, maintaining green foliage and producing pods to support livestock and mitigate mortality risks. Key preferred species mentioned include Acacia tortilis, Pappea capensis, Grewia spp., Olea europaea, Boscia mossambicensis, and Balanites aegyptiaca. However, 90.05% of respondents reported a decline in the availability and regeneration of essential species. Notably, Pappea capensis, Olea europaea, Acacia tortilis, Balanites aegyptiaca, and Grewia spp. exhibit poor regeneration status. The decline of indigenous woody species is primarily due to factors such as overgrazing, recurring drought, and poor integration into land-use systems. The study recommends enhancing community-based conservation approaches, integrating native species into restoration and agroforestry practices, raising pastoral awareness of their ecological and economic roles, and implementing controlled grazing. Further research on propagation techniques and nutritional analysis, while highlighting the importance of integrating scientific and indigenous knowledge for the sustainable management and conservation of essential rangeland resources.

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