There is No Subconsciousness

Introduction

At the beginning, I considered titles such as "Freud was an Idiot", "Marx was a Jerk", "Darwin was a Buffoon", or "Psychology is not a Science". I rejected them, but. I believe the chosen title is more suitable. Among other reasons, it contains no swearwords. — The basis for this paper is the belief that life on Earth is developed through evolution. That is Darwin's theory is correct. Of course, this cannot be proven, but its consequences are far-reaching. Everything must be compatible with evolution. For example, I do not see how evolution could generate a subconscious mind. In this paper, I explain why. I also address other topics, such as telepathy.

The Two Sides of Evolution

On one hand, evolution is incredibly creative. It generates complex organs, such as the eye. On the other hand, it operates through competition; those, who are well-adapted to the environment survive, while others perish. Evolution proceeds through the death of individuals. This is something Darwin should also have recognized. Only traits and attributes that aid the survival are preserved. A subconscious mind is not necessary for survival; hence, it may not have been produced by evolution. Freud merely speculated about its existence; nobody can prove it. This raises the possibility that the foundation of psychology may not exist.

I assume that all life forms were generated by evolution. Everything that aided human survival and was achievable has been produced by evolution. Traits that did not confer an advantage were not developed. I do not see how a subconscious mind could provide such an advantage. See [1]. Telepathy has been the subject of much research. I believe it does not exist because evolution did not generate it, even though it could have been useful for hunting. Telepathy is too complex to evolve naturally. Instead, evolution developed speech as a mean of communication.

Inequality

Another aspect that many people lament is human inequality. There are rich people and poor people. This reflects the differences of humans. For example, some individuals are primarily interested in money and power, while others have different interests, such as mathematics. A readable book is ‘The Inequality of Man’ by Hans Jürgen Eysenck, a German-born British psychologist [2].

One reason for inequality is the low probability of perfect equality. There are many ways in which people can differ, but only one way to be completely equal.

Capitalism and Communism

Fortunately, we live in capitalistic system. For me, one of its key benefits is the certainty of law. This is important because it allows individuals to conclude contracts. In the case of a violation, society provides mechanism to enforce the contract. We also enjoy freedom of speech, which is a crucial right and an essential part of the system. Some people advocate for the 'abolition of capitalism', but it is often unclear which system would replace it and what rights people would retain.

A possible alternative is communism, developed by the German philosopher Karl Marx. This economic system does not work, as history has shown often at the costs of millions of lives. Communism is fundamentally flawed because it assumes that most people possess a sense of responsibility for the community. Such a property does not exist, as humans are products of evolution. Humans are individuals, with different opinions, needs, and characteristics. Their personalities are largely determined by their genes, and they are fixed. Nobody can change them. Communism fails because it hypothesizes a common sense of responsibility that is not an inherent human trait. Attempts to implement a communist system, such as in Russia, ended in a dramatic failure, lasting less than 80 years.

 Since humans are products of evolution, there is no natural community of equal individuals. There is no ‘we’, there is only an ‘I’. Another thing is that humans have the ability to cooperate. Some claim that the global population will have a peak at around 10 billion before declining, but I consider this unlikely. Sex is the last activity humans would abandon, and it almost always leads to reproduction. As a result, poverty is unlikely to disappear entirely. It is also argued that a person’s bad character is a consequence of specific upbringing. I believe this is not true. Some people naturally desire to dominate others. but they may also possess caring abilities. So far, there is no proof that a mischievous character can be generated solely by a poor educational background. See [3,4].

The Sense of Responsibility

People have a sense of responsibility for their children, their parents, and other relatives, and at best, for their friends. These are all people they know personally. They may also feel some responsibility for their larger group, but generally, they do not have a sense of responsibility for all people, only a limited feeling of cohesion within their group. Without a sense of responsibility for all, communism is impossible.

The feeling of cohesion within the group was crucial during the development of mankind. It makes cooperation possible. Cooperation is a very important trait, as it expands the possibilities and potential of an individual exceedingly.

The arguments presented above reflect my personal opinions and subjective views. They are not presented as absolute truths.

Acknowledgement I thank Lydia Ramachandran for a careful reading of the paper.

References

[1]. Volker Wilhelm Thürey (2025) Evolution Sucks London Journal of Research in Science: Natural & Formal, Vol. 25, Iss. 7

[2]. Hans Jürgen Eysenck (1973) The Inequality of Man Temple Smith, London

[3]. Volker Wilhelm Thürey (2023) We Don’t Need No Education London Journal of Research in Humanities & Social Sciences, Vol. 23, Iss. 15

[4]. Volker Wihelm Thürey (2025) Nature versus Nurture GLOBAL JOURNAL of Human Social Sciences: C Sociology & Culture, Vol. 25, Iss. 2