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Advances in Bioengineering and Biomedical Science Research(ABBSR)

ISSN: 2640-4133 | DOI: 10.33140/ABBSR

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Mini Review Article - (2019) Volume 2, Issue 2

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Piper Nigrum-King of Spice

Nida Tabassum Khan
 
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University, of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
 

Received Date: Jan 03, 2019 / Accepted Date: Jan 10, 2019 / Published Date: Feb 01, 2019

Copyright: ©Copyright: ©2019 Nida Tabassum Khan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

Black pepper is known as the King of Spice and is native to South India, South Asia and Indian. It is been used in Asian cooking since 2000 BC. The source of pepper exports to neighboring countries was the Malabar Coast, which is present-day Kerala. Dried fruit of Black pepper is called as peppercorn and is extensively used in culinary. Its extracted oil is used in making ayurveda medicines because it possess anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities.

Keywords
Piperaceae, Riboflavin, Vitamin E, Colon ulcers, Vitiligo, Sinuses

Introduction

Black pepper is native to Kerala, a flowering plant which belongs to family Piperaceae and is known by its scientific name of Piper nigrum [1]. Fruit of black pepper is used in cooking/ seasoning after being dried and is available throughout the year [2]. Its dried form is called as peppercorn while green pepper is the unripe fruit that is not dried [3,4]. Dried Black pepper is extensively used in culinary and its extracted oil is used in making ayurveda medicines because it possess anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities [5]. It has spicy bitter taste because of the presence of chemical piperine [6]. Besides it is an enriched source of potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, thiamin, niacin, folate, vitamin B6, riboflavin, vitamin E, vitamin K, protein, fibre and carbohydrate [7]. Black pepper seeds could be easily stored in an airtight glass jar for unlimited amount of time [8].

The following table (Table 1) outlines some health benefits of Black pepper:

Table 1: Health benefits of Black pepper

S.no

 

Functions

1

Promotes digestive system health

It stimulates the secretion of digestive enzymes It aids relieve in stomach gas, latulence and abdominal pain Enhances body’s ability to break down and assimilate food It can also relieve peptic ulcers [9,10,11]

2

Prevents cancer

Provides protection against different cancer types Intensify absorption of nutrients such as, curcumin, selenium, beta-carotene, etc. by intestines Prevention of cancer Reduces rectum stress and prevents colon ulcers [12,13,14]

3

Decreases blood pressure

Enhances curcumin bioavailability for controlling high blood pressure [15]

4

Reduces weight gain

Effective option for treatment of fat-related issues Constrain fat cell formation [16]

5

Treat cold /cough

Increases circulation and mucous flow Eliminates congestion and sinuses Reduces asthmatic ymptoms [17,18]

6

Antimicrobial

Displays larvicidal effects Prevent infection and its spread [19]

7

Antioxidant

Combats disease causing free radicals and boost immunity Prevention of cancer Escalation of nutrients bioavailability [20,21]

8

Promotes oral health

Relieve toothache and other oral infections Reduce gum inflammation [22]

9

Promotes brain health

It inhibits the activity of enzyme that disrupts dopamine production Delay brain aging and prevent Alzheimer’s Cure seizures by enhancing nerve activity [23,24]

10

Increases fertility in men

Raise testosterone levels

Elevates sperm count and its concentration Enhance sperm development and its mobility [25,26]

11

Aids in quit smoking

Reduce smoking withdrawal symptoms [27]

12

Treatment of diabetes

Slow down glucose absorption [28]

13

Skin benefits

Anti-aging property Treat acne and vitiligo Reduces wrinkles, fine lines, and even dark spots Cleanses the skin Exfoliate the skin and remove dead skin cells [29,30].

14

Hair benefits

Treat hair issues like dandruff and hair fall Reinforce the hair roots and help prevent baldness [31,32]

Side-Effects of Black Pepper

• Cause stomach burns when taken in high concentration

• Burning sensation in the eyes if accidentally enters the eyes

• May cause irritation to pregnant women, and may cause some allergies to breast feeding mothers

Conclusion

Thus Black pepper (Piper nigrum) besides being used in cooking offers numerous medicinal health benefits for the treatment of many ailments.

References

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