Analysis of Local Poultry Food Consumption in Regency of North Bolaang Mongondow

Introduction

Food security is one of the determinants of the economic stability of the people of North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, so that the fulfillment of food sufficiency is a development framework that can encourage the development of other sectors. Food security is built on three main pillars, namely food availability, food access, and food utilization. Local poultry can be developed to support the independence of food supply of animal protein sources. The problem is how far the consumption of local poultry food in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia to support food security. The objectives of the study were to determine the amount of local poultry consumption, the source of local poultry product and the factors influencing the consumption of local poultry.

Materials and Methods

The research method used is survey method. The location of the study was determined by purposive sampling. Respondents of 100 households were determined by simple random sampling. Local poultry has an important role in the provision of meat and eggs that have a distinctive taste and texture.

Results and Discussion

The local poultry for the people of North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia is a strategic commodity that has the opportunity seen in terms of socioeconomic. The development of local poultry in various regions in Indonesia has a future prospect as stated Sonbait (2011). Local poultry has huge potential to be developed [1]. The results show that this area has a prospect of local poultry development seen from the population and its production tends to increase (Table 1). On the other hand the consumption of local poultry products is not in accordance with the targeted.

Table 1: Local Poultry Population in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Local poultry population data of both local chickens and ducks have increased from 2014-2015. However, this population is still smaller than other districts in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The data indicate that the local chicken population is only about 2 percent and ducks 10.83 percent of the total population in North Sulawesi (Table 1). Based on the potentials and opportunities it is necessary to handle and policy in its development. Development of poultry can be done with agribusiness orientation as stated by Kurniawan et al and Elly et al [2,3]. Further data on local poultry meat and egg production (local chicken and duck) can be seen in Table 2.

Table 2: Meat and Egg Production from Local Poultry (Chickens and Ducks) in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Source: Directorate General of Livestock (2017)

Data from 2014-2016 (Table 2), the production of chicken meat and eggs has increased, but the production of duck meat and eggs has decreased. The indication needs a policy by the government to encourage farmers to increase duck populations. The results showed that 100 percent of respondents consume meat and eggs from chickens, while those who consume meat and eggs from ducks 19 percent. The average data on consumption of local poultry products in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia is reported in Table 3.

Table 3: Average Number of Consumption of Local Poultry Products by Household in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Meat from the chickens and ducks consumed are chickens and ducks owned by respondents. The low consumption is due to the fact that households sell chicken and ducks for their household needs. Muzayyanah et al stated that the consumption of animal protein by rural households is smaller than that of urban households [4]. The results of Elly et al showed that local chicken farming benefits farmers [3]. The results showed that income affects the consumption of local poultry. Households will increase consumption of local chickens and ducks if income from farming increases. As Elly et al, argues that household income affects the consumption of livestock products (including local poultry products) [5]. This means they will not sell local poultry but are used for household consumption.

The policy required to improve local poultry products is the development of local poultry farms. This can be done by the government in cooperation with universities as a source of knowledge. The local poultry development model refers to Elly et al as in Figure 1 [6].

Figure 1: Poultry Farming Development Model in Supporting Consumption of Local Poultry Products

Figure 1 shows that local poultry farms have the potential to be developed in the research area. North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia has the potential to be seen from the area of land used for the development of food crops. On the other hand poultry does not require large land so it is very likely to be developed by farmers.

Conclusions and Suggestions

Based on the result of research can be concluded that local poultry food consumption is influenced by income level of household.

References

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