Journal of Novel Physiotherapies Research Reviews(JNP)

Life Member, Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, UK

Publications

• Research Article   
  Unifying Penrose Process and Blandford–Znajek Mechanism using Negative Phase Velocity
  Author(s): Sandi Setiawan*
  
  The extraction of rotational energy from a Kerr black hole admits several celebrated descriptions, including the Penrose process (Penrose (1969)), wave superradiance (Zel’dovich (1971), Misner (1972), Teukolsky, Press (1974); see also Thorne, Price, Wheeler (1986)), and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism (Blandford, Znajek (1977)). Traditionally treated as distinct, these processes are shown here to be unified through a single criterion: the existence of negative Killing energy flux across the horizon, locally manifested as negative phase velocity (NPV) in the ergosphere (Setiawan, Mackay, Lakhtakia (2005)). We demonstrate that (i) the Penrose process corresponds to particle trajectories with Eχ < 0, (ii) superradiance corresponds to wave modes with ω < mΩH, and (iii) the Blandford–Znajek mechanism corresponds to electromagnetic field lines with ΩF .. Read More»
  

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