Bruce H. Knox
Independent Scholar, Auckland, New Zealand
Publications
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Research Article
From Autonomic Failure to Autonomic Recalibration: Evidence for a Recovery-Sensitive Paradigm in Multifactorial Secondary Autonomic Dysfunction
Author(s): Bruce H. Knox*
Background: Severe multisystem autonomic dysfunction is encountered in primary neurodegenerative disorders but also in acquired, immune-mediated, post-infectious, metabolic and postsurgical conditions. The visual severity of an autonomic phenotype can therefore exceed what can safely be inferred about underlying pathology or prognosis. Objective: To examine the literature supporting a recovery-sensitive interpretation of selected forms of severe secondary autonomic dysfunction and to position Multifactorial Secondary Autonomic Dysfunction (MSAD) within that evidence without conflating biological plausibility with diagnostic validation. Methods: A targeted narrative review was undertaken using PubMed-indexed literature and publisher databases through 25 September 2026. Searches focused on primary neurodegenerative autonomic failure, autoimmun.. Read More»