Theory of the Four-Dimensional Electromagnetic Universe: Derivation of the Energy-Time Relation for Temporal Waves and Their Stability

Abstract

Domenico Maglione

In this paper, we analyse the relationship between the energy of Temporal Waves (TWs) and privileged time in the context of the Four-Dimensional Electromagnetic Universe (4DEU) Theory, showing that this relationship is compatible with the standard energy-time uncertainty relation at the Planck-scale formation of the four initial TWs, corresponding in the 4DEU framework to the initial formation of the four-dimensional (4D) universe, and provides further support for the stability of TWs throughout its subsequent expansion. In this model, the universe is proposed to exist in four real spatial dimensions, with the fourth dimen- sion being perceived as time in the observable 3D universe and corresponding to the direction along which the cause of the 4D universe’s expansion acts. TWs play a fundamental role in the formation and expansion of the 4D universe, with this expansion being caused by their radiation pressure. In the 4DEU framework, the characteristic energy of a TW and the corresponding privileged time are both determined by the same geometrical parameter, namely the radius R_T of the 4D universe. Given that U_TW = hc / (4R_T ) and T =R_T / c, their product is structurally fixed as U_TW T = h/4. This relation is not presented as a new canonical uncertainty principle, nor does it identify U_TW and T with quantum uncertainties. Rather, it is a specific structural 4DEU ener- gy-time relation. Its comparison with the standard energy-time uncertainty bound, ΔE" " Δt≥h/(4π), is meaningful only at the Planck-scale formation of the four initial TWs, where the minimum intrinsic temporal resolution is given by the Planck time, t_Pl = l_Pl / c, associated with the minimum spatial resolution l_Pl. Our findings therefore indicate that the formation of the four initial TWs is compatible with the standard energy-time uncertainty principle. More generally, the stabilization of TWs throughout the expansion of the 4D universe does not require a violation of energy conservation, as the total energy of the complete 4D universe remains zero at every stage of its evolution. Their persistence is further supported by the structural dependence of both energy and privileged time on RT . This paper provides further mathematical support for the structural stability of TWs within the The- ory of the Four-Dimensional Electromagnetic Universe.

PDF