The Influence of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Literature Review

Abstract

Adawi Mohammad* and Awni Yousef

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. This study explores the intricate interplay of these factors in RA pathogenesis, emphasizing the significance of gene-environment interactions. The research evaluates genetic markers, including HLA-DRB1 and non-HLA variants, alongside environmental contributors such as smoking, diet, and pollution. Findings suggest that while genetic susceptibility accounts for a significant portion of RA risk, environmental factors may exert a profound influence on disease onset and progression. Epidemiological methodologies, including case-control and cohort studies, were employed to assess risk factors and identify preventive strategies. The study underscores the need for personalized therapeutic approaches targeting modifiable environmental factors and leveraging advancements in genomic research. These insights aim to enhance early diagnosis, prevention, and management of RA, ultimately reducing its public health burden.

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