The Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Cytokine Production: Focus on IL-1β and IL-6
Abstract
Adawi Mohammad, Awni Yousef and Bishara Bisharat
Background Ramadan fasting is a unique form of intermittent fasting observed by millions of Muslims worldwide. This fasting practice involves abstaining from food and drink from dawn until sunset, potentially influencing various physiological and immune responses. Among these, cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play crucial roles in inflammatory processes and immune regulation. However, the impact of Ramadan fasting on the levels of these cytokines remains an area of limited research, with existing studies yielding conflicting results.
Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in healthy individuals. Additionally, it examines the potential correlations between cytokine levels and factors such as age and body mass index (BMI).
Methods A case-control study was conducted, measuring cytokine levels before and after Ramadan fasting. Blood samples were collected from participants to assess IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations. The data were analyzed to determine significant changes in cytokine levels and explore associations with demographic and physiological factors.
Results The findings indicate a significant reduction in IL-1β and IL-6 levels following Ramadan fasting. This suggests that fasting may have an immunomodulatory effect, potentially reducing systemic inflammation. While IL-6 levels showed a decreasing trend, the extent of reduction varied among participants, with age and BMI influencing cytokine production.
Conclusion Ramadan fasting appears to exert a beneficial effect on the immune system by modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings contribute to the understanding of fasting-induced physiological changes and may have implications for individuals with inflammatory conditions. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term impact of fasting on immune regulation and metabolic health.