Relationship Between Architectural Design Strategy and The Prevention or Cure of Cancer

Abstract

Jorge Pablo Aguilar Zavaleta

This article systematically analyzes the scientific evidence linking architectural design strategies to cancer prevention and treatment, evaluating their impact on patient health outcomes. A systematic literature review was conducted using scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) and specialized grey literature, focusing on studies published between 1999 and 2024 that examined the relationship between the built environment and cancer care. The review synthesized evidence from 29 key sources, organized into four main categories: (1) biophilic design, which demonstrates measurable reductions in stress (e.g., an 8–15% reduction in salivary cortisol) and improved circadian synchronization; (2) the promotion of physical activity through design, associated with a reduced risk of obesity-related cancers; (3) the selection of healthy building materials, which can reduce exposure to indoor carcinogens such as formaldehyde and phthalates by up to 95%; and (4) the influence of environmental variables (natural lighting, views) on pain reduction and hospital stay. The evidence consolidates architectural design as a determining variable in the cancer experience. Integrating strategies such as biophilic design and specifying healthy materials not only improves patients' psychological and physiological well-being but also contributes to primary prevention. Further longitudinal research is needed to more accurately quantify the impact of these environments on tumor progression and survival.

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