Impact of Total Quality Management on Process Performance in Apparel Manufacturing: Evidence from a Comparative Case Study in Bangladesh

Abstract

Nur Ul Hayder Chowdhury, Md. Abu Sayed and Sumonur Rahman

Total Quality Management (TQM) has become a foundational management philosophy for industries that operate in conditions of high competition, evolving buyer expectations, and complex global supply chain systems. Within the textile and apparel sector, the demand for flawless product quality, operational efficiency, and international compliance standards has positioned TQM as a strategic necessity rather than an optional tool. This paper examines the theoretical foundations of TQM, its core principles, and its application across the textile and apparel value chain. Additionally, the study explores the integration of sustainability, discusses modern compliance frameworks such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, ISO/IEC 17025, and AQL (ISO 2859), and highlights the transformative role of digitalization and Industry 4.0 tools in strengthening TQM. Challenges associated with implementation in developing countries, including Bangladesh, are reviewed alongside practical recommendations. The paper concludes by emphasizing that TQM remains an indispensable framework for ensuring competitiveness, compliance, and long-term sustainability in the apparel sector.