From Parallel to Integrated: Harmonizing SMC and Routine Malaria Supply Chains in Northern Nigeria – An Integrated Logistics Framework

Abstract

Michael Audu

Malaria continues to place a heavy burden on children in northern Nigeria, particularly in Kebbi, Sokoto, and Zamfara. Two major interventions are used to tackle this challenge: routine malaria case management with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) and Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC). While both are vital, they operate through separate supply chains, creating inefficiencies and treatment gaps. This study analyzed routine health data from 2022–2024, comparing confirmed malaria cases in children under five with ACTs dispensed. Findings show persistent mismatches between disease burden and ACT availability, especially during SMC campaign months (July–October).

For example, in Sokoto (September 2023), 114,831 cases were confirmed but no ACTs were recorded as distributed, while in Kebbi (October 2022), 53,277 cases were reported but only 26,056 ACTs dispensed. Across all three states, annual treatment gaps ranged from 22,000 to 26,000. These gaps suggest that simultaneous campaign-style drug distribution for SMC and the routine pull-based system for ACTs place strain on existing logistics infrastructure. We propose an integrated logistics framework that strengthens coordination between partners, enhances data quality, and introduces digital innovations for real-time monitoring. Harmonizing prevention and treatment supply chains will reduce stock- outs, improve efficiency, and ensure children receive timely access to life-saving malaria commodities.

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