Cross-Viral Study of COVID-19 Strains XEC, HKU5-CoV-2 and HMPV: From Molecular Structure to Clinical Implications
Abstract
Rashed Ahmed
This cross-viral study investigates the molecular architecture, mechanisms of action, and clinical relevance of the COVID-19 viruses XEC and HKU5-CoV-2, as well as human metapneumovirus (hMPV). XEC and HKU5-CoV-2, both new coronaviruses, have a remarkable ability to infect human cells, which raises concerns about potential zoonotic spillovers and future pandemics. Compared to this, hMPV, while a distinct viral family, shares similar respiratory complications, particularly in vulnerable populations. A mixed-methods study with extensive literature review and internet studies was used to extensively explore viral pathophysiology, disease course, and treatment. The key findings are that while XEC and HKU5-CoV-2 primarily use ACE2 receptors for cell entry, hMPV uses other receptors, eliciting varied immune responses and clinical manifestations. The study emphasizes the need for enhanced global surveillance, rapid diagnostic capacity, and personalized therapeutic measures. Future pandemic preparedness relies on the development of broad-spectrum antivirals, next-generation vaccines, and enhancement of non-pharmacological interventions to restrict viral transmission. The research has significant implications for understanding cross-viral behavior, guiding the development of effective treatment regimens, and building public health resilience against emerging viral threats.