Analysis and Assessment of Farm Animal Genetic Resources In Kyrgyzstan Analysis and Evaluation of Genetic Resources of Farm Animals In Kyrgyzstan

Abstract

Sulaimanov Amangeldi , Kadyrova Chynara , Bekkulov Murzakarim and Ilyaz kyzy Zharkynay

The article presents an overview and analytical assessment of the main genetic resources of farm animals in Kyrgyzstan with an emphasis on cattle, sheep, goats and horses. The analysis combines data from classical breeding studies, domestic scientific works and modern achievements in molecular genetics and conservation genomics.

Particular attention is paid to locally adapted breeds and populations formed in the conditions of mountainous and foothill areas and pasture production systems. Literature data indicate the presence of valuable genetic resources in Kyrgyzstan, represented by the Alatau and Aulieata breeds of cattle, specialized meat types, several sheep populations, including the Kyrgyz mountain Merino, Kyrgyz downy and woolly goats, as well as indigenous populations of Kyrgyz horses.

The studies of S.M. Derkenbaev, U.A. Shergaziev, O.D. Duishekeev, A.S. Azhibekov, T.J. Chortonbaev, . T.Zh. Turdubaeva, A.A. Abdykerimov, I.A. Almeev, A.Kh. Abdurasulov, B.Zh. Jeenbekova, E. Satkankulov and Ch.T. Kadyrova form an important scientific basis for the selection and preservation of the gene pool.

Genomic studies of Kyrgyz sheep and horses demonstrate the value of microsatellite and SNP approaches for assessing population structure and genetic differentiation. The level of genetic study of different species is uneven: sheep and horses have a relatively more developed molecular base, while cattle and especially goats need to expand the genome- wide characteristic.

An integrated national system is proposed, combining breed inventory, phenotypic accounting, pedigree data, SNP genotyping, homozygosity site analysis, effective population size estimation and cryopreservation. Such a system will contribute to the sustainable use of national genetic resources, reduce the risk of genetic erosion and increase the adaptability of livestock production to climate variability.

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