Advancements in Cold Plasma Technology for Electronic and Surface Sterilization Applications

Abstract

Mehrdad Esmaeilipour

This comprehensive overview explores the production, classification, and diverse applications of plasma technology, with a focus on cold plasma. Plasma, the fourth state of matter, can be generated through electrical and magnetic methods across a wide range of pressures and temperatures, including thermal and non-thermal processes. Cold plasma, characterized by high electron temperatures and near-room gas temperatures, is produced via low-pressure discharges or dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure. Its advantages include rapid processing, surface sterilization, and operation at ambient conditions, making it suitable for heat-sensitive applications. The article highlights key applications in food safety, medical and dental sterilization, water and air purification, packaging, and environmental remediation. Cold plasma effectively inactivates microorganisms by damaging cell membranes, proteins, and DNA through reactive radicals, UV radiation, and physical interactions. Its eco-friendly nature, low cost, and minimal thermal effects position it as a promising non-thermal alternative for sterilization, food preservation, and biomedical uses. The document also discusses plasma generation mechanisms, including electrical discharge principles, Townsend and streamer mechanisms, Paschen curves, and dielectric barrier discharge configurations. Overall, plasma technology offers versatile, efficient solutions across multiple industries, with ongoing research aimed at understanding its effects on food components and further optimizing its applications.

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