Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Biology(JPNB)
ISSN: 2573-9611 | DOI: 10.33140/JPNB
Impact Factor: 1.3
Review Article - (2024) Volume 9, Issue 2
Usefulness of Internet at Public University in Central Mexico
2Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Mexico
Received Date: Sep 02, 2024 / Accepted Date: Sep 27, 2024 / Published Date: Oct 17, 2024
Copyright: ©Â©2024 Cruz Garcia Lirios, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Lirios, C. G., Fuentes, J. A. A. (2024). Usefulness of Internet at Public University in Central Mexico. J Pediatr Neonatal Biol, 9(2), 01-04.
Abstract
Gross mode, social reliability emerges after an agenda is established with issues focused on political corruption that, far from directing a debate and public consensus, generate negative emotions that result in social despair, a suitable setting for the propaganda of the rectory the authoritarian state. The objective of the present work is to establish a model for the study of the phenomenon in question. A documentary study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of sources indexed to national repositories, considering the year of publication in the period 2020 to 2023, as well as the inclusion of concepts such as "reliability", " millennials ", "Internet users " There are lines of research regarding the extension of the model and its contrast in electoral processes.
Keywords
Agenda, Reliability, Millennials, Netizens Model
Introduction
Social reliability, for the purposes of this paper, alludes to a system of conferences, perceptions and dispositions of trust, empathy and commitment around a public service such as water supply, repair of leaks or the desal sewers that, due to their degree of need and social expectation, suppose a dependency of the citizenship on the State [1].
In such a scenario, social reliability has been a determinant of the electoral preference, the intention to vote and the effective suffrage of the electorate that establishes a pragmatic relationship with its authorities and possible local representatives as federal [2].
But social reliability by their degree of economic dependence of civil society towards their rulers, has been recently observed in communities and youth sectors with access to information such as the case of Internet millennials [3]
That is, if social reliability consists of a relationship of exchange of political support for an economic or in-kind amount during federal or local political contests, then access to information should limit and inhibit social reliability [4].
Therefore, in the case of millennials virtual communities such a phenomenon would not exist given the production and dissemination of information against the political class or the denunciation of corruption cases involving officials [5].
Social reliability would be mediated at least by the dynamics of digital networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, WhatsApp or Snap Chat, the production and content against the political contest, parties or candidates.
In this sense, a review of the state that keeps the social reliability, mediated by electronic technologies, devices and networks will allow to notice the degree of support that a system, party or candidate could have as long as this social reliability is not inhibited by the intensive use of digital networks.
The theoretical frameworks that explain social reliability are:
1) theory of rational choice, 2) theory of human capital and 3) theory of the emerging agenda.
The theory of rational choice in explaining the differences between expected costs and benefits opens the discussion around the distrust or reliability of a civil sector to an authority, official, potential candidate or representative.
In this sense, rational choice precedes social reliability if the expected benefits clearly exceed the expected costs [6].
However, the rational choice to be determined by the degree of access and capacity for information processing, estimation of possible losses and benefits, linked to political support, is determined not only by the access to electoral propaganda, but by the ability to of discernment of the electorate to whom the promotion is directed [7].
In the case of millennials, social sector distinguished by their ability to access and information processing, social reliability seems to be reduced to a minimum phenomenon as in the case of posters or allusive videos ridiculing a party or political candidate [8].
In this way, the theory of rational choice only warns that the access and processing of political proselytism can be effective if it is intensified in social networks in such a way that the benefits begin to overcome the costs and ridicule that Internet users spread between, they with respect to a political contest [9].
It will be the theory of human capital that will come to clarify the panorama of political promotion in digital networks by showing that the capabilities of Internet users are determinants of electoral propaganda in digital networks.
This is because virtual communities develop computational skills based on their degree of affinity.
In this sense, Internet users themselves are the promoters of an electoral preference, voting intention or effective suffrage among their contacts and through strategies of espionage (stalking), ridicule (bullying) or discrediting (trolling) towards candidates or parties [10].
Social reliability, according to the approach of human capital, is an effect of computational skills that specialize in discrediting political parties and candidates, establishing an agenda of aggression and violence against the political class, officials or local authorities, to the instead, they activate reactions by supporting emerging parties or candidates with whom Internet users feel more identified by their image as critics of the government system or apolitical [11].
Precisely, the computational skills that generate ideas contrary to a political system, government regime or state form, suppose strategies of promotion of parties and emerging candidates that benefit the parties and hegemonic candidates in the electoral contests.
This is so because the Internet electorate, in relation to other voters who do not have access to the Internet or produce or disseminate information on digital networks, is susceptible to seeking alternatives of information, preference and political choice [12].
The theory of the emerging agenda to explain that traditional media will disseminate information that occurs in digital networks, is a scenario of opportunities and capabilities of processing and generation of information in which the differences between Internet users and non-Internet users they exacerbate, open the discussion around an emerging agenda [5].
In this way, social reliability is part of that emerging agenda in which uncertainty prevails, discredit, distrust and discredit of political and social actors, fostering a collective fear that borders the electorate to another for the party that knows how it will govern in the future [9].
In short, social reliability is the result of a process of rational choice, human capital and emerging agenda, which reflects a risk scenario and threatens the economic, political, social and emotional stability of the electorate, favoring an electoral preference, intention of vote and suffrage in favor of the more traditional party that by its degree of authoritarianism, legitimizes the use of violence and repression in dissidents whose Internet skills contribute to the climate of anxiety, despair and fear in the electoral contests.
Studies of social reliability have focused their interest in the demonstration of indicators of the phenomenon in order to establish a public agenda focused on helplessness, hyperopia or detachment to a town governed with authoritarianism, but susceptible to greater political corruption [8].
Some works deal with asymmetries in governments and governed by social reliability because, while the former show distrust in international governance guidelines such as transparency and accountability, the latter rather rely on bribing political officials [13].
The works of social reliability also distinguish it against adherence and political identity. While social reliability is the result of a latent threat of corruption and ungovernability, political adherence implies a formation or politicization of civil society in the face of a common problem and political identity refers to a civic formation materialized in civil, environmental or community participation [8].
However, studies of social reliability have also anticipated scenarios of conflict and social change, such as public services in general and the electricity or water supply system in particular.
In such examples, studies of social reliability have shown that this is a determinant of voting intentions or suffrage in favor of candidates and parties proposing the regularization of the supply system, the freezing of tariffs or the offer of subsidies as condonations for the extemporaneous payment [6].
In relation to other variables such as quality of life and subjective well-being, social reliability is associated with those groups that develop life satisfaction such as self-management of electricity or water, as well as expectations and positive and significant experiences of the user towards the public services [8].
This is how social reliability is a mediating factor in the effects of government policies, programs and strategies rather than the result of institutional action or the quality of bureaucratic attention.
That is, social reliability seems to be more a predisposition to the trust forced by the supposed protection or certainty of a regime compared to the uncertainty and potential corruption of emerging parties and candidates [14].
However, studies of social reliability have not reliably explained the condition of access, processing and dissemination of information with respect to groups that are distinguished by their Internet skills with respect to other sectors of civil society [9].
In the case of millennials, its degree of access to information, horizontal communication, bilateral motivation and shared decision - making, it seems to show that inside the groups inhibit social reliability, but at the same time, activate and diversify in the other sectors of the population [5].
Therefore, it is necessary to formulate a model that includes axes, trajectories and relationships among the factors used in the literature consulted to explain and anticipate social conflict or reliability scenarios, as well as future social changes or exacerbation of local political authoritarianism among the social and governmental actors.
A model is a representation of the relationships between the factors that explain a phenomenon with what social reliability is and in relation to other processes such as agenda setting, rational choice, human capital, quality of life, subjective well- being.
The sociopolitical reliability, indicated by discredit, stalking, ridicule or harassment, is a scenario prone to the propaganda of the rectory of the State in private affairs, defender and protector of security in digital networks in the face of cases of theft of identity or violation of privacy.
More specifically, social reliability would be indicated by the degree of discrediting of the government in turn and the possibility of a political change with the promotion of a party or candidate close to Internet users, their needs for access, privacy and identity, as well as their expectations of technological advances.
However, such sociopolitical reliability could not emerge if there were no promoters who, without intending to do so, disseminate fear in the Internet users, generating an anxiety and defense against any cyber-attack, hacking their information, theft or impersonation of their identity, but essentially the feeling of being stalked by strangers.
In this way, socio-political reliability would also be indicated by the level of the authorities, but at the same time the need to hold someone accountable and entrust the monitoring of digital networks.
Precisely, the objective of this work is to establish a model for the study of social reliability in electronic networks. The project is part of the discipline of Social Work, an area of documentary studies, but includes terminology of cyber-psychology, the sociology of information and economics.
Method
A documentary, study was carried out with a selection of sources indexed to leading repositories in Mexico, considering the period of publication of 2020-2023.
The selected information was processed following the Delphi technique, which consists in comparing and integrating the data to propose new explicit concepts of the phenomenon in a model of axes and trajectories of relations between the factors in question.A cross-sectional, exploratory, and exploratory study of the dimensions of Internet reliability was carried out, for which a non-probabilistic sample of 340 students was surveyed (M = 22.1 and SD = 2.1 years, M = 6 ' 897.21 and DE = 456.34 monthly income), participants of the programs of access to scientific information. The Internaut Reliability Scale was used, which includes two dimensions, aversion to the optimization of retrospective resources and propensity to innovation of prospective processes. Each item is answered with one of five options ranging from 0 = "not likely" to 5 = "quite likely". The information was processed in the statistical package for social sciences version 24.0 to establish normality, adequacy, sphericity, validity, correlation, and adjustment.
Results
The distribution of the responses to the items that correspond to the Internet User Reliability Scale, as well as the parameters of validity and internal consistency which exceeded the minimum necessary.
In order to establish the trajectories of relations between the two factors and indicators, a model of equations was estimated in order to observe the beta weights between the variables and the adjustment of the theoretical model with respect to the empirical model.
The parameters of adjustment and residuals [x2 = 13,24 (23df) p ,05; GFI = ,990; CFI = ,995; RMSEA = ,008] suggest the non-rejection of the null hypothesis relative to the significant differences between the theoretical model and the empirical model.
Discussion
The contribution of this work to the state of the question lies in the establishment of a model for the study of social reliability, indicated by levels of harassment, stalking or authority, but not as an alternative to the political system but as a hopelessness in the absence of proposals.
However, the selection of the sample of informative sources, as well as the processing technique limits the empirical test of the model to a local context, suggesting a selection and analysis of more sophisticated content such as could be done in international repositories.
We recommend the use of repositories and as the data mining technique in order to extend the limits of the model and contrast its axes as explanatory trajectories among the factors used in the literature consulted.
In the same way, the extension of the model will allow to anticipate scenarios of conflicts and changes between political and social actors since, the literature reviewed has shown a positive and significant association between identity and reliability as determinants of quality of life and well-being subjective.
It is recommended to include the factors in question to be able to contrast the model in different contexts and samples governed in political systems or State regimes different from participative democracies and Internet users.
Conclusion
The aim of the present work to the state of the question lies in the exploration of Internet reliability, but the design of the research limited the results to the research scenario, suggesting the extension of the work to the dimensions related to prospective optimization and innovation retrospective to close the cycle of reliability that literature poses as fundamental in the understanding of cooperative, competitive and collaborative relationships [15,16].
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