Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale in Evaluating the Effect of Thrombosis Risk in Patients with Malignant Tumors and the Value of Clinical Treatment Guidances

Information and Methods

Clinical Data

Select 78 patients with malignant tumor thrombosis from April 2018 to February 2020 as the object, set as the observation group, 47 males and 31 females, age (32-78) years, average (54.59±6.71) years; course of disease (1-7) months, average (3.69±0.61) months; tumor types: 21 cases of multiple myeloma, 16 cases of brain malignant tumor, 9 cases of ovarian cancer, 13 cases of lung cancer, 19 cases of colorectal cancer. 67 non-throm-botic patients with malignant tumors selected for treatment at the same time were set as the control group, with 38 males and 29 females, aged (31-79) years old, average (55.11±6.75) years old; disease course (1-8) months, average (3.72±0.65) months; tumor types: 17 cases of multiple myeloma, 12 cases of brain malignant tumor, 8 cases of ovarian cancer, 13 cases of lung cancer, 17 cases of colorectal cancer.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria: (1) Meet the diagnostic criteria for malig-nant tumors, all diagnosed by pathological tissue examination [9]; (2) Venous thrombosis meets the vascular surgery diagno-sis and treatment guidelines of the Chinese Medical Association Surgery Branch, all through ultrasound and venography Check to confirm the diagnosis; (3) The baseline information is com-plete and the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale can be completed.

Exclusion Criteria: (1) Patients with mental disorders, cogni-tive dysfunction, or blood system diseases; (2) Those with a his¬tory of venous thrombosis and severe coagulation dysfunction; (3) Those who have received anticoagulation therapy or physical preventive measures.

Methods

(1) Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale. After the two groups were admitted to the hospital, the relevant examinations were improved, and the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale was used to assess the risk of thrombosis in the patients. The 2010 Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Model was used to score the DVT risk and determine the risk level of patients with malignant tumors. The scale involved 40 VTD risk factors, and each risk factor is assigned a score of 1-5, and is divided into low and medium risk (total score ≤ 2 points), high risk (total score 3-4 points), and very high risk (total score ≥ 5) Points) Three different levels, according to different levels to give corre¬sponding measures to prevent and treat [10]. (2) Factors affect¬ing thrombosis. Check the case data of the two groups, count the gender, age, laboratory tests (hematocrit, white blood cell count, platelets, comorbidities, length of hospitalization, and deaths in hospital) of the two groups, conduct single factors for possible influencing factors, and determine the incidence of DVT Carry out correlation analysis; (3) Draw ROC curve, analyze Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale’s treatment guidance effi¬cacy in the thrombosis risk of patients with malignant tumors, including: sensitivity and specificity.

Statistical Analysis

The SPSS 18.0 software was used to process the count data by χ2 test, which was expressed by n (%), and the measurement data was expressed by t test, which was expressed by ,The dif¬ference was statistically significant at P<0.05

Results

Single Factor Analysis of Thrombosis in Patients with Ma-lignant Tumors The univariate results showed that the incidence of thrombosis in patients with malignant tumors was not statistically significant with gender, age, white blood cell count, platelet count, combined chronic diseases, and mortality during hospitalization (P>0.05); it was statistically significant with hematocrit and hos¬pitalization time (P>0.05). <0.05), see Table 1.

                         Table 1 Single factor analysis of thrombosis in patients with malignant tumors

Correlation between the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale and the Incidence of DVT

Thrombosis patients in the observation group completed the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale assessment. There were 15 low-medium-risk patients, 21 high-risk cases, and 42 extremely high-risk patients. The results showed that the higher the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale score, the higher the incidence of DVT ( P<0.05), see Table 2.

Table 2 Correlation between the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale and the incidence of DVT

The Efficacy of the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale in the Treatment of Patients with Malignant Tumors

The ROC curve results show that the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale has an AUC value of 0.867, a treatment guidance sensitivity of 0.871%, and a specificity of 0.636% in the thrombosis risk of patients with malignant tumors, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 The ROC curve of Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assess-ment Scale for the treatment of patients with malignant tumors.

Risk Assessment Scale has a certain predictive value in the thrombosis risk of patients with malignant tumors, and can ob-tain high sensitivity for treatment guidance, and it is worthy of popularization and application.

Discussion

Malignant tumors are common clinical diseases with high mor-bidity, high mortality, and low cure rate. They have become an important disease threatening the health of Chinese residents [11-12]. Thrombosis is a common complication in patients with malignant tumors. It is mainly European-style. The incidence of thrombosis can be increased due to the compression of the vas- cular cavity by surgery, tumors, and the patient’s long-term bed rest, as well as the toxic reaction and loss of vascular endothelial cells caused by chemotherapy [13]. In this study, the univariate results showed that the incidence of thrombosis in patients with malignant tumors was not statistically significant with gender, age, white blood cell count, platelet count, combined chronic diseases, and mortality during hospitalization (P>0.05); it was related to hematocrit and length of hospitalization. The statis¬tical significance (P<0.05) indicates that there are many factors affecting the incidence of thrombosis in patients with malignant tumors, and different factors can interact and influence each other, which will not only affect the prognosis of patients, but also increase the clinical mortality rate. (1) Hematocrit. It refers to the ratio of sinking red blood cells to the volume of whole blood measured after a certain amount of anticoagulated whole blood is centrifuged, which can indirectly reflect the number and volume of red blood cells [14-15]. For patients with malignant tumors, after the hematocrit level is reduced, it will cause blood deposition, leading to patient limb dysfunction, and increasing the incidence of thrombosis; (2) length of stay in hospital. It is an independent risk factor for patients with thrombosis [16]. Generally speaking, the longer the hospital stay, the higher the incidence of thrombosis [17]. Therefore, strengthening the eval¬uation of thrombus in patients with malignant tumors is of great significance to improve the prognosis of patients.

The DVT risk assessment scale is an individual assessment tool. The risk factors of DVT are weighted and copied according to various risk factors, and the patient’s risk level is evaluated ac¬cording to the total score [18]. The Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, and reliability. It is the most extensive scale in the world, in¬cluding obesity, surgery, malignant tumors, age and other risk factors. Therefore, the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale can understand the risk of malignant tumors and make corresponding predictions [19]. In this study, 15 patients were at low-medium risk, 21 were at high-risk, and 42 were at very high-risk. The results showed that the higher the score of Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale, the higher the incidence of DVT (P<0.05), suggesting thrombosis in patients with malignant tumors. The risk factors are different, and the higher the patient predictive scale score, the higher the incidence. ROC is a comprehensive and effective method to evaluate diagnostic experiments, and the AUC value can reflect the value of the experiment. In this study, the ROC curve results show that the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale has an AUC value of 0.867 in patients with malignant tumors, a treatment guidance sensitivity of 0.871%, and a specificity of 0.636%. This further verifies that the Caprini Thrombosis Risk Assessment Scale is in malignant tumors. High predictive sensitivity can be obtained in the risk of thrombosis in tumor patients. Clinically, for patients

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