Retrospective Study of livestock Vaccine Coverage and Trend in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Yibeltal Simeneh Alameneh

Vaccination is one of the most efficient tools for protection against clinical disease of livestock and reduces the rate of spread of infection. A five year retrospective study evaluated livestock vaccine coverage and trends in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia, from 2020 to 2024. Using secondary data from veterinary clinics, the study analyzed vaccination rates for key diseases, including Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), anthrax, blackleg, African Horse Sickness (AHS), sheep pox, goat pox, Newcastle disease, and Gumboro disease in cattle, small ruminants, equines, and poultry. Findings revealed significant variations: LSD coverage in cattle declined from 30.6% to 7.9%, while anthrax vaccination increased in cattle 23.6% to 39.6%, sheep, and goats 12.8% to 92.8%. Sheep and goat pox vaccination rose sharply to 107.4%, likely due to overlapping reporting, whereas Gumboro disease coverage remained low 4.9% to 6.1%. Equine AHS vaccination peaked at 150% in 2023. Challenges such as irregular vaccination programs, vaccine shortages, and logistical issues contributed to inconsistent coverage. The study highlights the urgent need for structured vaccination campaigns, improved supply chains, and farmer awareness to enhance disease control. Recommendations include implementing regular vaccination schedules, addressing logistical gaps, and conducting further research to optimize vaccination strategies. These insights aim to guide policymakers in improving livestock health management in the region.

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