Advances in Hematology and Oncology Research(AHOR)
ISSN: 2692-5516 | DOI: 10.33140/AHOR
Impact Factor: 1.25*
Identification of Early Molecular Markers for Breast Cancer
Abstract
Tanushri Mukherjee
Background: Early detection of DCIS is very important because it is a highly curable disease, with a 10-year cancer-specific survival rate of over 97%. The biomarkers and immunehistochemical markers (Osteopontin OPN) SPP1, MUC1 (Epithelial Mucin 1), RRM2 (Ribonucleotidereductase), FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) DEPDC1 (DEP (Disheveled, EGL-10, and Pleckstrin) domain-containing protein), Nucleolar spindle-associated protein (NUSAP1), EXO1 (Exonuclease 1), are expressed strongly right from DCIS and thereby with early diagnosis of this preinvasive condition with progression to invasive carcinoma, improves the prognosis of breast cancer.
Aim: To study the markers (Osteopontin OPN) SPP1, MUC1 (Epithelial Mucin 1), RRM2 (Ribonucleotidereductase), FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) DEPDC1 (DEP (Disheveled, EGL-10, and Pleckstrin) domain-containing protein), Nucleolar spindle-associated protein (NUSAP1), EXO1 (Exonuclease 1 by immunohistochemistry for early detection and prognostication of breast Cancers.
Methods: This is a prospective case control study in 50 females with mammographically suspected and FNAC and biopsy proven Ductal Carcinoma in situ (25 cases) and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (25 cases) with 50 healthy control samples. The paraffin blocks of the tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin evaluated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry performed with DEPDC1, NUSAP1, EXO1, RRM2, FOXM1, MUC1, SPP1 (Osteopontin).
Observations: In DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma the immunohistochemical marker expression of DEPDC1, NUSAP1, EXO1, RRM2, FOXM1, MUC1 and SPP1are increased as compared to healthy controls where there is absence of any kind of staining for these IHC markers except for some exceptional case where there is weak positive staining.
Conclusions: These IHC markers aid in early detection of DCIS and invasive carcinomas as these markers are not expressed in healthy control tissue. The similarities between antigen expression as evidenced by immunohistochemistry in DCIS and invasive carcinomas in our data suggest that the early detection and treatment of DCIS progressing to invasive carcinoma by detection of biomarkers by immunohistochemistry is of utmost relevance for the survival of patients who are at high risk of developing breast carcinoma.