Association of Apolipoprotein B /Apolipoprotein A-I Ratio with Cardio Metabolic Risk Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Hari Sharan Makaju, Vijay Kumar Sharma, Binod Kumar Yadav, Eans Tara Tuladhar, Roshan Bhandari,Aseem Bhattarai, Mithileshwor Raut, Raju Dubey, Apeksha Niraula, Alisha Sapkota, Anant Neupane and Rabina Ramtel
Background: Individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and metabolic syndrome are at a heightened risk for cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is a reliable measure for assessing atherogenic particles, while Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) plays a key role in antiatherogenic high-density lipoproteins. Timely identification and evaluation of cardio metabolic risk factors can decrease the likelihood of developing CVD.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association of Apo B/Apo A-I ratio with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in T2DM.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital and involved 120 individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who visited the Medicine Outpatient Department, as well as 120 apparently healthy controls. Clinical and anthropometric characteristics were documented using a clinical profor- ma, and fasting blood samples were collected for the estimation of plasma glucose, Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), Apolipo- protein A-I (ApoA-I), traditional lipid profile analysis, and calculation of the Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A-I ratio.
Results: The mean values of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in patients with T2DM were significantly higher, whereas HDL-C was significantly lower than that of a control group (p≤0.001). The Apo B/Apo A-I ratio was strongly positively correlated with LDL-C, TC, Non-HDL-C, and Apo B (r=0.68-0.89, p<0.001) and modestly positively correlated with BMI, WC, TG, and VLDL-C (r=0.55-0.67, p<0.001). Additionally, there was a weak but sig- nificant positive correlation (r=0.18-0.35, p<0.05) with weight, systolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. On the other hand, the Apo B/Apo A-I ratio showed a negative correlation with HDL-C and Apo A-I (r = -0.58, p<0.001).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that an elevated Apo B/Apo A-I ratio constituted a good association with several cardiometabolic biomarkers and supports that the Apo B/Apo A-I ratio as a potentially useful risk marker for predicting future cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.