The biochemical processes in the brain exhibit various peculiarities with ramifications in brain injury. First is the presence of a blood brain barrier formed by endothelial cell layers of the brain vessels, which plays an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis in relation to the electrolytes and energy substrates such as glucose, glutamate and ketone bodies. Nerve impulse propagation is the key function within the brain and is basically an amalgamation of electrical and chemical processes. The electrical processes are responsible largely for impulse propagation within a neuron whereas chemical reactions influence signal transmission from one neuron to another as well as at the effector cells and axon ends in the synapse[. The synapses perform the critical function of transferring electrical impulses across the synaptic cleft or for further impulse propagation on to another neuron or muscle for a particular desired action. Impulse transmission through a synaptic cleft is a complex biochemical process involving neurotransmitters like glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid as well as the activation of various ion channels. Sodium and potassium are the major ions involved in the generation of action potentials, especially in the process of hyperpolarization and depolarization of neurons. The enormity of the biochemical processes involved in the signal transduction of neural impulse can be gauged from the fact that while a single neuron has 1000 to 20000 synapses, there are around 90 billion neurons in an adult human brain. Brain injured states such as stroke and head injury have a detrimental effect on the biochemical processes involved in the aforesaid homeostatic and electrophysiological properties of the brain.